A pipe dream
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A pipe dream

Fantasy or fantasy (ancient Greek φαντασία phantasía – “appearance”, “imagination”, “dream face”, “ghost”) describes a creative ability of humans. The term is often linked to the area of ​​the pictorial (memory images , imaginary images), but can also be related to linguistic and logical achievements (ideas). In the narrower sense of the power of imagination or imagination, fantasy means above all the ability to create inner images and thus to create an “inner world.” The result of this creative power, the individual image, is also called phantasm. In today’s parlance, the term “imagination” usually includes both the ability and the result of “imagining”. Sometimes the term is also used derogatory in the sense of a fiction or a pipe dream.
 
Word usage and meaning
Aristotle understood by phantasia the idea as an after-effect of perception , which occurs even without perception.
 
The Stoics and Epicureans made a distinction between phantasia and phantasma.
 
According to Wilhelm Wundt , the imagination is a “thinking in individual sensory ideas”, a “thinking in pictures”. The “imagination” is an overall image created through apperceptive synthesis.
 
Imagination is a prerequisite for empathy, the ability to empathize with other people and to “understand” them. Imagination is also considered conducive to creativity and art, as well as purposeful action.
 
In the sciences too, knowledge without imagination is often impossible. Imagination, for example, plays an important role in the synthesis of empirical observations and findings that are meaningless without translation and interpretation work on the part of the researcher. In chemistry August Kekulé and in sociology Georg Simmel emerged as productive and imaginative. In futurology, Robert Jungk became known with his future workshop as a representative of a politically committed “fantasy movement.”
 
In the adjectival use of the term “fantastic”, extraordinary things, situations or events are sometimes described, e.g. For example: “a fantastic result”, “a fantastic concert”. On the other hand, pejorative statements are also possible: “That is too fantastic, I don’t think so” is synonymous with “you fantasize”, “you are crazy.”
 
Duden online defines Phantast as “a person with exaggerated ideas who cannot distinguish between dream and reality; Schwärmer and recommends the spelling Fantast.
 
Psychological aspects
Psychologically based fancy our imagination ability, allows the memory and other thinking in all its forms.
 
Psychoanalytically, the appearance of phantasy is expected when instincts cannot be lived out in reality. According to psychodynamic ideas, the phantasy then represents, so to speak, an outlet for instinctual satisfaction.
 
Early experiments in psychology with students indicated that acting out offensive aggression in the imagination leads to the reduction of aggressive instincts. However, this contradicts recent research in learning psychology (sensu Bandura).
 
Similarities and differences to creativity
Creativity and fantasy in the sense of the power of imagination are related to one another because both contain thinking that is to a certain extent withdrawn from reality. But creativity is more connected to reality than fantasy. Imagination can be viewed as the ability to go beyond the objective world. Imagination can therefore fuel creativity, although creativity requires more than just the ability to go beyond reality. Creativity also requires the criterion of appropriateness or usefulness.
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